Comparison of B2B and B2C Companies - 1062 Words

Comparison of B2B and B2C Companies This report is a supply chain comparison between two companies in which one is a business-to-business (B2B) model company and the other is a business-to-consumers (B2C) model company. The comparison will be between the companies Wal-Mart and Grainger. Wal-Mart is a well-known conglomerate known around the world that is in the retail business that seeks to sell products to consumers at a significantly reduced discount compared to its rivals. Grainger sells supplies to different companies through the company s own website. First, let s start by distinguish between what a B2B company is and what a B2C company is. The definition of a business-to-business is when businesses sell products or services†¦show more content†¦Grainger supplies its business to a variety of businesses but sells primarily to industrial and commercial maintenance departments, contractors, and government customers. The company sells more 800,000 products so Grainger relies heavily on the use of more than 1,200 suppliers to fill this need. One interesting fact is that nearly 40% of their purchases are from random purchases from customers that rarely buy the same product more than once a year (Grainger 2006 Fact Book). So how does Grainger fulfill these needs and keep customers happy? Grainger operates in the United States by having 416 branches, 10 distribution centers, and its own website. What separates Grainger from competition is the fact that Grainger offers the best combination of product selection, local availab ility, and speed of delivery. In fact, 99 percent of customers receive their orders the very next day. Grainger recently launched a catalog in 2006 that contains more than 115,000 products. That is a staggering number of products available for customers and a lot of information for Grainger to be accountable for. Grainger began offering customers the availability of ordering online in 1996. By implementing electronic ordering options, profit margins are significantly higher than the previous mode of ordering which was by phone or branch orders (Grainger 2006 Fact Book). Reference Schneider, G. (2004) ElectronicShow MoreRelatedRelationship Driven988 Words   |  4 PagesB2B vs. B2C Marketing Business-to-business (B2B) is a term used to describe transactions of goods or services between businesses as opposed to business-to-consumer (B2C) which describes activities of commercial organizations serving end customers with products and/or services. B2B and B2C marketing is different. There are profound differences that a business must remember when developing marketing activities. Although the marketing programs are the same for each type of business (events, directRead MoreB2B And B2C Marketing Strategies Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C), have emerged which require the employment of different marketing strategies and tools to attract and retain customers. The following sections will provide a comparison of the marketing strategies employed and tools utilized by B2B and B2C e-business sites. Business owners, members of the management team and key decision-makers are primarily the target for B2B marketing programs. According to Management Centre Europes website, B2B marketing isRead MoreB2B and B2C Marketing Strategies1422 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C), have emerged which require the employment of different marketing strategies and tools to attract and retain customers. The following sections will provide a comparison of the marketing strategies employed and tools utilized by B2B and B2C e-business sites. Business owners, members of the management team and key decision-makers are primarily the target for B2B marketing programs. According to Management Centre Europes website, B2B marketing isRead MoreEssay about B2B v. B2C Supply Chains981 Words   |  4 PagesB2B v. B2C Supply Chains Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the age of technology business has come a long way and evolved tremendously. It used to be that brick and mortar was the only way to open and run a business. However, the internet has changed all of that now businesses can use technology to reach customers and other businesses all over the world. This has caused a great surge in the world wide economy. In 2003 Business to Business (B2B) commerce tipped the scales at $1.41 Trillion. This is inRead MoreB2B vs B2C Legal Ethical And Regulatory Essay890 Words   |  4 PagesB2C versus B2B Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Bob Holland EBUS/400 Milind Modi April 28, 2010 B2C versus B2B Legal, Ethical and Regulatory This analysis will provide the reader with information that explains how legal, ethical and regulatory issues differ on a B2C website compared to a B2B website. The analysis will examine these different elements and will describe the differences and the similarities. Overview The primary differences of a B2C and B2B website when discussingRead MoreB2C and B2B Marketing Comparison993 Words   |  4 PagesB2C and B2B Marketing Comparison Marketing ultimately depends on who you are delivering your message to. With Business to Business (B2B), an organization has to know the businesses needs, its current situation, competitors, trends, technology and costs. Business to Commerce (B2C) is also about knowing who you re selling to. You have to know their wants and needs, your competition, distribution, supply chains and costs. Often, B2B sites are more informational and technical. There is less brandingRead MoreRole of Brands in B2B1029 Words   |  5 PagesIs Your Company Overestimating the Power of Brands? The Role of Brands in B2B Markets The B2B market requires a very different sales and marketing approach than B2C. Yet, companies in the B2B space continue to over emphasize certain sales and marketing activities at the expense of others. This paper explores the principal problems with the current sales and marketing approach in the B2B space and identifies what’s required to improve it. Most B2B companies are committed to building a strongRead MoreSupply Chain Mgmt in B2B and B2C Environment1451 Words   |  6 PagesManagement in B2B and B2C Environments Supply chain management, whether in a traditional or E-commerce environment, involves distributing products, goods and services from point of manufacture to the delivery of the final product. Supply chain management, whether related to B2B or B2C retailers involves manufacturing, storage, distribution and delivery of products and services to consumers and other businesses. B2B supply chain management is slightly more complex than B2C transactions, as B2B wholesalersRead MoreDifference Between Business Marketing And Consumer Marketing1304 Words   |  6 PagesArmstrong, Adam, Denize Kotler (2011) defines marketing as a management process that is responsible to identify and satisfy customer need and wants. Business to business (B2B) and business to customer (B2C), are two key areas of marketing that is often used to distinguish organization in a particular market. Business marketing is defined as the process of purchase a good or a service from a supplier for consumptions, incorpo ration and reselling purposes (Hutt Speh 2011). Customer marketing canRead MoreBusiness Overview: Saxon Plumbing Services London Ltd1529 Words   |  7 Pagesbrothers – Peter and Harvey Blair. The company currently employs 40 staff, the majority of which are based at its Head Office in South London, UK. Last year (2011) the company generated a turnover in excess of  £5.0m and a gross profit of  £1.2m. Company Background SPSL specialises in commercial plumbing services for businesses located in South London. Clients include: small and medium sized retailers, manufacturers, distributors and insurance companies. The company has built a reputation for providing

Essay about Alcoholism A Bad Habit to Drink Every Night

Alcoholism Growing up in a family where mostly every guy has an habit of drinking I agree with Somerset Maugham when he states, â€Å"The unfortunate thing about this world is that good habits are so much easier to give up than bad ones.† Having a habit where you drink everyday before going to sleep is a bad habit. It is really hard to break it when you don’t want to stop drinking. What makes you want to stop is when it is affecting your health or making you turn into a person that you don’t want to be that starts doing stuff through the affect of alcohol that themselves don’t realize. To make people go away from you and having your people around you go away just because the bad habit of drinking. Alcohol is a very bad habit that is hard to†¦show more content†¦He started drinking a lot over that because his dad not even two months since his death his mother had gotten married to another man affected him a lot. Now whenever he gets into a negative emotional state of mind he drinks so he wouldn’t have to deal with it. It developed into habit which whenever he is in negative emotional state of mind he has to drink and the habit still until today hasn’t gone away. This is bad habit that he shouldn’t have gotten into instead of running away from this he should’ve faced it instead of picking up a bottle. Being around a family that abuses drinking alcohol it can make a great influence on the kids of that family which can make them drink and develop the habit also. In the article Family functioning in families with alcohol and other drug addiction I liked the quote â€Å"The results show that the majority of participants had experienced painful and traumatic childhoods in their families of origin, which contributed to their subsequent addictive behavior and which they felt had affected their current familial relationships.†( Schà ¤fer) Bad habits are usually influenced by something like it says i n the quote mostly alcohol addiction happens through family. My grandpa use to drink everyday that had influenced all seven of his kids to drink including my dad. It is a very bad habit that affected all of their health’s. They all started drinking when they were in India living in village where they didn’t know what serous healthShow MoreRelatedEssay on Eugene ONeills Long Days Journey into Night1740 Words   |  7 PagesEugene ONeills Long Days Journey into Night As the fog descends around the Tyrone’s summer home, another fog falls on the family within. This fog is that of substance abuse, in which each of the four main characters of Eugene O’Neill’s play, Long Day’s Journey into Night face by the end of Act IV. Long Days Journey into Night is a metaphoric representation of the path from normalcy to demise by showing the general effects of substance abuse on human psychology and family dysfunctions throughRead MoreDry: A Memoir Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmemoir, there is no denying that the main character, Augusten Burroughs, has a problem. From a very young age his alcoholic tendencies (coupled with other drug use) have caused hardships for both himself and those around him. As he aged, so his alcoholism increased. In Dry: A memoir we get to see Augusten’s challenging journey from a life revolving around alcohol to sobriety. As previously mentioned, it is undeniable that Augusten did have a problem. But, does this automatically mean he is clinicallyRead MoreFactors That Influence Social Media Use1178 Words   |  5 Pagesperson going to work, or school along with many other activities won t have time to be on their phone a lot. In ways phone use is a sort of addiction. Your being rewarding every time you open up a social media app by being cured of boredom and being entertained for periods of time. For that reason phone use is a very hard habit to break, and once you break it and cut the use down for a while your likely to start up using it more frequently again in situations you use to use it a lot. This is veryRead MoreCause and Effect of Underage Drinking780 Words   |  4 Pagesglorify the beverages by showing young adults engaged in activities such as being at football games, a bar, baseball games, and other enjoyable activities. The Commercials dont show you the 45-year-old man who lost every thing because of his alcoholism, or the guy how had one to many the night before hugging the toilet. They also show things that kids like in the commercials. Budweiser for example has the bullfrogs and the chameleons. I feel that the alcohol industries are targeting youth and are willingRead MoreIs Alcoholism A Disease Or A Lifestyle Choice?1933 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the website, Patient Info, recently presented a discussion in whether alcoholism is a disease or a lifestyle choice. One blogger expressed her opinion about how alcoholism is genetic and that parents, about how it is genetic that anxiety and depression is inherited from parents leading, to becoming an addict. But the blogger by the name of andrew69055 stated, â€Å"People would do well to work more on resolving anxiety and depression rather than using alcohol disease as an excuse†¦People need hopeRead MoreThe Effects Of Negative Habits On College1681 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Negative Habits in College Negative habits such as alcoholism, abuse of drugs, sleep deprivation, and procrastination impact minority students more than non-minority students. Many students go off to college every year and do not stay on track. They begin college with the best of intentions: go to class, excel, and eventually graduate. College is very fun, but it is also a time in your life where you have to learn what to put first, and what can wait for later. Some students suchRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On A Parent Who Is An Alcoholic1169 Words   |  5 Pagesremature death and disablities. A 2012 study concluded that 10% of children live with a parent who is an alcoholic. The 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, conclued that 35.1 percent of fifteen year olds report that they have had atleast one drink in their lives, and about 8.7 million people ages 12-20 reported drinking alcohol in the past month. 5.4 million people ages 12-20 were binge drinkers, and 1.4 million people ages 12-20 were heavy drinkers. There are many serious consequences for underageRead MoreGwen Cummings And Substance Use Disorder1365 Words   |  6 Pageswithdrawal, has many flashback memories, goes through therapy, and also becomes friends with the other patients along the way. Ultimately, she begins to restore a relationship with her sister, Lily, while also realizing that her boyfriend, Jasper, is a bad influence, as she tries to regain her life. 2. Diagnosis. Gwen has a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), specifically Alcohol Use Disorder; she is addicted to alcohol. Gwen’s diagnosis accurately represents the DSM-5 criteria for a severe case of AlcoholRead MoreThe Glass Castle By Jeannette Walls1356 Words   |  6 Pagesneeded changing was Rex’s bad habits of alcohol. He was a true example of someone suffering from alcoholism which effected himself and everyone around him. Alcoholism is a medical condition in which an individual frequently consumes too much alcohol and becomes unable to live a normal life (Campbell). In the memoir The Glass Castle, written by Jeannette Walls, Jeannette exposes the cruel reality she and her family had to face growing up. She recalls all the empty nights when she would have to goRead MoreLife Is Full Of Unexpected Surprises959 Words   |  4 Pages Summer of 2010 I went to a concert with my friends and met a man that was witty and charming. We talked for hours and danced the night away. That nigh t I knew that I was falling for him that very night. Our relationship continued for a couple of years, over the years I knew things were bad for each other but I just ignored all the signs. He would drink almost every day at least a twelve pack of beer a day. Sometimes we make excuses for the people that we love. I was in a long abusive relationship

Performance Evaluation Performance Evaluations Essay

Performance evaluations are significant tools to assess how well an individual or a team is performing as well as to help improve quality, productivity, and efficiency. However, because work has become more team-oriented, performance appraisals now tend to focus on measuring how a team’s output rather than how an individual performs his or her duty. Most of the time, individual’s rating is translated from group performance, which raises a lot issues of fairness and equity when a person does not get what he or she deserves. Therefore, in addition to evaluating the group’s output, it is essential to determine individual’s contribution in order to eliminate the complication. This is not always easy, but developing meaningful metrics can help find and implement the right approach to evaluate individual performance, specifically in the two different situations where a team in a typical college course and a team in an organization that hopes to make significant improvements to their organization over the next two years. A team in a typical college course As team-based projects become inevitable in college classrooms, instructors and team leaders are constantly in search of various tools for members to effectively evaluate one another. Even though creating evaluation methods can be a little daunting, the peer evaluation can be constructed by articulating specific criteria and ensuring honest participation. For instance, one can rate each team member base on the following rubric: †¢Show MoreRelatedPerformance Evaluation : Performance Evaluations1518 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Evaluations There are numerous reasons why organizations evaluate their staff, the main reason being to track employee progress and performance compared to expected objectives. I do not contest that performance evaluations play an important role in assessing the overall performance of an employee. However, given the large leaps taken with regards to technology and organizational changes within organizations, I think that performance evaluations have failed to advance at the same paceRead MoreEvaluation Of A Performance Evaluation1719 Words   |  7 PagesCompetency 317.1.6: Performance Evaluation In this paper, I will discuss how to develop and how to recommend and implement an effective performance evaluation process. To begin, I will define what should be evaluated in a performance evaluation. I will than discuss and compare the relative value of common sets of evaluation criteria. Next, I will explain how it can be advantageous to have supervisors, peers and subordinates all participate in the evaluation process. Also, I will explain how it canRead MorePerformance Evaluations : The Performance Evaluation Process1121 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Evaluations are a headache to many managers in the employment community. They can make it difficult to have a great workplace connection. In addition, they make it hard to accomplish goal performances. The performance evaluation system is a dislike process by em-ployees and their supervisors. According to Chan Yung (2002), â€Å"The performance evaluation is quite subjective since it relies on the individual judgements of supervisors who have different per-ceptions of the process performance†Read MoreEvaluation Of A Performance Evaluation1429 Words   |  6 Pagesto gather information around the rating of satisfactory with the absence of supporting documentation is unproductive for both employee and supervisor. Even more concerning, is that the performance appraisal provided nothing in way of performance development or progressive stategies to take the employee to the next level. As such, the future state of this department will encompass a strategy to train and devlop talent to meet the organiztional initatves of the company overall. Including a responseRead MoreEvaluation Of A Performance Evaluation977 Words   |  4 PagesPerformance Evaluation Year 0 – 2015 Table 1 Source: Capsim: The Globe Report Round 0 All the companies in the class started together in year 2015 with equal financials and market share as shown above. Year 1 – 2016 The above results show how the management took decisions for Year 1; the results show that Baldwin is was not following its strategies and achieving its planned objectives. In the first year Baldwin was selling only one product called Baker in the US and Asian markets. Baker wasRead MoreEvaluation Of A Performance Evaluation Based On The Performance Of The Individual884 Words   |  4 PagesFor instance, loyalty, dynamism, leadership sociability, creativity are characteristics required in wide variety of jobs. This type of evaluation is popular, although it remains widely criticized (McGregor, 1957). Many specialists believe that personality traits are unobservable, therefore, difficult to define and measure. These can cause bias in the evaluation and shorten the validity because â€Å"the respect we hold for the inherent value of the individual leaves us distresses when we must take responsibilityRead MoreEvaluation Of Evaluation And Performance Measurement907 Words   |  4 Pagesand Hawthorn (2012) second edition, Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement: An Introduction to Practice. Chapter 10 reviews performance measurements systems and h ow they are used, their effect and accountability. Evaluators and program managers and their connection is reviewed in Chapter 11. Additionally, how this connection is affected by the evaluation purpose and organizational contexts. Chapter 12 deals with the methodology of a good evaluation and points out that there has not been anRead MorePerformance Appraisal : Performance Evaluation1275 Words   |  6 PagesYearly performance reviews are a key part of many workplaces across the country and is an instrumental way for employers to document employees performance throughout the past year. These performance reviews also provide employees with the knowledge off what they have done well and what they should try to improve on. However, there are multiple other ways in which performance reviews can be utilized and numerous types of reviews that can be used. â€Å"Performance appraisal can be viewed as the processRead MorePerformance Appraisal : Performance Evaluation806 Words   |  4 PagesPerformance Appraisal An effective method of performance evaluation is the 360-degree performance appraisal. This method utilizes supervisor(s), subordinates, peers, and occasionally customer feedback to provide the employee a clear picture how their actions affect others in the workplace (Dalton, 1996). Areas on a performance evaluation that utilize the 360-degree performance appraisal elements are; cooperation and teamwork, initiative and judgment, dependability, and customer service. TheseRead MoreEvaluation Of Performance Evaluation And Appraisal3893 Words   |  16 PagesHRM Case Writing – Performance Evaluation and Appraisal in an IT Organization. Course: PGCBM – 27 Name of the Faculty: Prof. M. Srimannarayana Prof Anuratha Venkataraman Subject: Human Resource Management (HRM1RB15-1) Submitted By: Mr. ROHIT RAJAN Roll No/SID.:- RB15042 Name of Centre: Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore Executive Summary: Performance Evaluation and Appraisal is an essential and integral part of Human Resource Management. This study aims to measure the challenges/issues

How Are the Themes Coming of Age and Immigrant Experience...

Chen Ruan Prof. Wright ENG 201 141 March 4, 2009 How Are the Themes Coming of Age and Immigrant Experience Presented in â€Å"Fiesta, 1980† and â€Å"Rules of the Game†? Chen Ruan Prof. Wright ENG 201 141 March 4, 2009 In Fiesta, 1980 by Junot Diaz, the story begins with a Dominican immigrant family celebrating at a party and waiting for the father of the narrator. He seldom undertakes his parental responsibilities and the responsibility of marriage. In contrast, this fathers adultery affects the mother of the narrator throughout the entire story. This story is told from the perspective of an adolescent boy, Yunior. As the story progresses, he and his brother have witnessed the sexual irresponsibility of†¦show more content†¦Its completely--its a new world, its kind of a new experience† (Dà ­az http: //go.galegroup.com). The American culture has influenced immigrants to be more Ruan 3 unprejudiced and accepting of the surrounding environment in America, and it has succeeded admirably as Yunior and his brother did. In Rules of the Game by Amy Tan, when Waverly is a little kid her mother cultivates her with the Chinese philosophy, â€Å"the art of invisible strength.† Waverly wins many national chess championship tournaments in America. While she has experienced great success in the chess games, she has also excelled in American culture. Later on, Waverly experiences shame and humiliation in family situations when her mother publicly embarrasses her for her own boastful pride. Waverly leaves from the market without explanation. Upon her arrival at home, her mother Instead of simply punishing Waverly, angrily announces that she will stop worrying so much about Waverly. The major theme of this short story is coming of age. The evidence is because Waverly is struggling with her cultural identity during her coming of age as a Chinese American in a Chinese immigrant family. â€Å"I asked her, ma, what is Chinese torture? My mother shook her head. Who say this word? She asked without a trace of knowing how wicked I was being. I shrugged my shoulders and said, someShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesto customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Hence it can be surmised that marketing is basically meeting unmet needs for target markets, identifying those unmet needs and planning how to meet them through products, services, and ideas. Communicating the value to them along with pricing which is affordable and profitable and also distributing the products so that customers have appropriate accessibility and have quick and easy delivery

Rembrandt Essay Example For Students

Rembrandt Essay The story of Joseph and Potiphars wife is told in the first book of the Bible, Genesis, chapter 39. Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers and bought by Potiphar, a high ranking official in the Pharaohs service. The Lord was with Joseph, and gave him success in everything he did. This pleased Potiphar and before long Joseph was given the highest position in the household, and left in charge when Potiphar was away. Now Potiphars wife found Joseph to be very good looking and had approached him several times saying come to bed with me; and Joseph being a man of God would not sin against his master or the Lord, so he refused her. One day when all the servants were gone, Joseph entered the house and Potiphars wife approached him and while holding on to his cloak said come to bed with me. Joseph refused and left the house leaving his cloak behind. Potiphar Wife screamed for help saying that Joseph had attacked and tried to sleep with her. When her husband came home she told him the same false story. Potiphar was so angry at Joseph he had him locked up in Pharaohs prison. But while Joseph was in the prison, the Lord was with him. This is the subject matter for which Rembrandt choose to do his representational painting by. The content of the painting all reveals Rembrandts interpretation of the story This is the account from the Bible of the accusation of Joseph by Potiphars Wife. Rembrandt Van Ryn chose this particular story as the subject of his narrative painting completed in 1655, under the title of Joseph Accused By Potiphars Wife. Before researching this painting, I noted my fist perception of Rembrandt work of art. I realized through that as a result of my later research, my first perception did not change, but instead were enriched and enlarged by a newfound understanding of the man and his art. I largely concentrated on my first and later perceptions in the design elements and principles of lighting or value, infinite space, color, and focal point. After conducting research, my first perceptions about the value, or relative degree of lightness or darkness, in the painting did not change, but instead I learned that Rembrandts use of light and dark was both purposeful and a technique well- known to the artists of his time. When I first observed this painting, I thought how dark everything seemed. The only exceptions to the darkness are the bed and Potiphars wife, both of which are flooded in light almost as if a spotlight were thrown on her and the bed. Some light shines on Josephs face and from behind him like a halo around his body, but this light is very dim. Potiphar in great contrast to his wife is almost in complete darkness. I first felt there should be more light from perhaps candles to cast the entire room in partial light. But after research I found that Rembrandt liked strong contrasts of light and dark and used them in his paintings all his life, letting darkness hide unnecessary details while using light to bring figures and objects out from the shadows. The high contrast of light against dark changed an ordinary scene into a dramatic one the Italian word for this use of light and dark chiaroscuro Muhlberger 9. Rembrandt must have believed that too much detail in the room would have obscured the primary players of this scene. He uses light to brightly illuminate the most important person in this painting, Potiphars wife. In descending order of importance, Rembrandt places a glow around Joseph and casts Potiphar in a almost total darkness. I now am able to see how the contrast of light and dark demonstrates drastically this crucial turning point in Josephs life. The fact that an Italian word exists for Rembrandts lighting technique only proves the techniques establishment in the art world he lived and worked in. As a result of research, my fist perceptions about the presence of infinite space in the painting did not change, but instead I gained an understanding of why Rembrandt employed this particular technique in his painting. .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 , .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .postImageUrl , .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 , .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:hover , .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:visited , .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:active { border:0!important; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:active , .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904 .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60ede5d168f7725588359336255cf904:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rare Rembrandt - Rembrandt as Printmaker EssayI first noticed before conducting any research on Rembrandt or this painting how the walls appear to go on indefinitely; there are no boundaries to the room. In addition the artist chose not to add and details to the walls or floor. I believe that the design element of infinite space, endless space as found in nature, best describes this technique. Upon conducting my research I found that, according to Richard Muhlberger, Rembrandt learned to lavish attention on small parts of a painting, leaving the rest without much detail. He knew that details look more impressive surrounded by areas that are plain; they are harder to notice when they cover the entire surface of a painting 16. Obviously in this painting of Joseph Accused by Potiphars Wife, Rembrandts purpose in using the design element of infinite space is to attract the audience to the characters in this story and not so much their surroundings, with the exception, perhaps, of the bed. Therefore, my perception of this design element was only enlarged by the knowledge of Rembrandts motivation in including infinite space in his composition. My first perceptions about the colors in the painting did not change, but instead I gained an understanding of how the colors Rembrandt used contributed to the characters portrayal/depiction. Color, the character of a surface resulting from the response of vision to the wavelength of light reflected from that surface, influences people in various ways. One of the greatest color affects people is through their emotions. When I first studied the painting of Joseph being Accused by Potiphars wife, the dreary, somber colors left me feeling depressed. Ive never really enjoyed Rembrandts painting because of his frequent use of low intensity colors like muddy browns. But then, after reading the passage in the first book of the Bible, Genesis, where the story in the painting is recounted, I began to understand Rembrandts reasoning behind his choice of colors at least for this particular painting. Joseph is being accused by his masters wife, the master he has served with all of his ability, of a crime he has not committed, not even in his mind, despite the many opportunities the woman has given him. For Rembrandt to successfully depict Josephs situation, he had to now the stories he painted and all the characters in them Schwartz 15. Instead of focusing on the luxurious setting of an Egyptian officials bedroom, Rembrandt chose to underscore the seriousness of Josephs situation through color. After researching Rembrandts painting, my first perceptions of the focal point of this composition did not change, but I felt I understand bette r how he created the focal point. Before researching Rembrandts work, I felt drawn to the woman in this painting for the mere fact that she is easiest to see and in the middle of the picture. The design principle, focal point, the point of emphasis that attracts attention and encourages the viewer to look further best explains how I was pulled in by Potiphars wife. Through my research I discovered Rembrandt, in order to heighten the importance of Potiphars wifes action, her fingers pointing to the robe, placed her fingertips in the middle of the canvas Munz 10. Another important placement involves the bed. After a careful look at the picture, I found the bed also is located in the middle of the painting, and covers over half of the canvas. The bed also then another focal point since it dominates the composition while other areas are subordinate to it. Rembrandts focal points work because of the strong contrast between light and dark and because of placement of the characters in this story. Thus, through research I learned how Rembrandt achieves his focal points which my first perception initially discovered. Now without knowing the story of Joseph and Potiphars wife one could piece together the events taking place by the content in the painting. There is a large room partly lit. .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 , .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .postImageUrl , .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 , .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:hover , .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:visited , .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:active { border:0!important; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:active , .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00 .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0a5329239d0f406b9080a10bf2220c00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rare Rembrandt - Rembrandt as Printmaker EssayIn the center is a bed with snow white sheets fitted perfectly, as if a maid had just finished dressing it. To the side of the bed, seated in an equally large chair, is a most troubled-looking woman. She is adorned with a lavish, bright-colored gown, and wears decorative jewelry, with her hair luxuriously woven. She points with her right hand an accusing finger at a dark maroon cloak draped on one of the bed posts. Her other hand nurses a torn lapel of an under garment, suggesting she has been in some manner violated. She looks, with a creased forehead, at a tall, dark figure to the her left, whom for the lack of lighting shimmers in an elegant uniform, his head donning a turban. He leans on the back of her chair, his hand closed, but his arm pointing in the same direction as the cloak. His other arm is on his hip directly above a sheathed sword. His overall stature and facial expression appears quizzical, as he ponders over the serious situation. The situation of course concerns the accusation his wife makes of the owner of the cloak. The lonely figure in the corner dressed in the drab olive green tunic stands silently listening to the woman, obviously the accused owner of this cloak. His maroon red sash with the keys reveals his importance to the household. Rembrandt clearly brought this scene to life convincinglySchwartz 15. For him to have accomplished this feat, he had to give each figure an appropriate expression, pose, and costumeSchwartz 15. All this Rembrandt has done, leaving us with a tragic moment in biblical history captured beautifully in this awesome painting of Joseph accused by Potiphars wife.

Disturbance Follow Traumatic Brain Injury â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Disturbance Follow Traumatic Brain Injury? Answer: Introducation All mammals including humans require sleep for survival. Sleep facilitates body restoration, innate protection and energy-conservation. There are two main types of sleep and these include the non-rapid eye move sleep and/or the rapid eye movement sleep (BaHammam, 2010). It has been established that non rapid eye movement sleep involves transitional and deeper sleep stages. Research further indicates that sleep involves a number of 90-minute NREM/REM cycles (Weber, 2013). Sufficient amounts of both of these are imperative in bringing about restoration ones mental and/or physical functioning. Alterations in sleep through disturbances during night time interfere with both the quantity and the quality of sleep. It also brings about an individuals impairment during day time. In the ED and ICU setting according to (Waller Jennum, 2013). sleep pattern alterations leads to negative psychology outcomes such as low immunity, poormetabolism, lowered protein catabolism, poor nitrogen balance an d thus longer hospital stays. Deprivation of sleep diminishes the patients quality of life (QOL), including their cognitive abilities (BaHammam, 2010). Alterations in sleeping patterns also bring about an increase in the patients pain intensity, anxiety and even depression. ICU patients and those in the ED usually have a nocturnal sleep that is fragmented, poor efficiency in sleep and sleep latency. There sleep periods are brief, frequently interrupted by arousals, marketing it evenly distributed across both day and night. These arousals usually by noise and strong lighting interfere with the patients sleeping patterns. This discussion will focus on highlighting the main environmental factors within the ED and ICU that a patients sleeping patterns(Waller Jennum, 2013). The discussion will also outline the different roles of nurses in controlling the identified factors in order to minimize this problem. How Environmental Factors in the ED/ICU Contribute To Alterations in Sleep Patterns of Patients Noise Noise is a major environmental factor that contributes to alteration in the sleep patterns of patients under care in the EDs and in the ICU. Noises within these areas are caused by telephone noise of bedside phones, noises caused by intravenous pump alarms, the ventilator alarms and from conversing caretakers contributed to arousal that alters the patients sleep patterns (Bosma Ranieri, 2009). It is listed among environmental hazard universally as it brings about adverse physical, social, psychological, and spiritual ill-health. Noises from the above sources cause arousal among patients in ICU through its indirect activation of their sympathetic nervous system. This arousal results into awakening thus fragmenting their sleep the pattern (Bosma Ranieri, 2009). Louder noises lead to hyper-arousal and this can be very detrimental to patients within these specialized care units especially when they are bound to have longer hospital stays. Apart from the sources of noise mentioned, others include banging noises from windows and doors closing, water sounds and the bubbling of chest-tubes (Weber, 2013). Usually, nurses within the critical care units are never unaware of their conversations and its irritating effect on the part of the patients. Studies indicate that increasing by just a factor of 10 decibels leads to double the loudness of the noise. Recommended noise levels where both rapid and non-rapid eye movement sleep occurs are 35 decibels (Waller Jennum, 2013). Noise within residential areas and hospitals should therefore be maintained at 45 decibels or lesser during the day. At night however, 35 decibels or lesser noise levels should be allowed. It has been established that some ICUs and EDs report noise levels of even beyond 80 decibels. Lights and Color Strong disruptive light is listed among air pollutants as is the case for loud noise. Research indicates that light is a strong environmental synchronizer that usually entrains sleep by promoting a normal sleep and/or wakefulness cycle. The ICU and ED environment with strong lighting normally alter the patients sleeping patterns (Weber, 2013).. As a consequence, their healing process is slowed, pain intensity increases, they get depressed and anxious and even experience fatigue contributing to longer hospital stays. Windowless critical care units bring about impaired cognition while natural lighting promotes the patients mood easing anxiety and depression. The cognitive impairment that results due to windowless care units with bright lights which make the patients unable to figure out those within the room and the procedures being carried out(Waller Jennum, 2013). This brings about anxiety, panic and worry. Bright fluorescent tubes bring about strong and harsh light leading to visua l fatigue which also interrupts sleep. It also leads to repetitive headaches if patients are not shielded from them. Glares from glass, and polished surfaces affect the elderly patients within the ED and ICUs. Where strong lights are left on for long hours in these units some patients get depressed especially where they cannot control them (Rawding, 2016). The resultant headache, depression and anxiety impact on their healing process while at the same time interfering with their spiritual health. Unmuted bright colors in the critical care units and their reflection in bright light also lead to awakening thus altering a patients sleeping patterns. Nurses Roles in the Provision of Holistic Person-Centered Care by Minimizing the Environmental Factors and Putting the Patient in the Possibly Best Condition for Self-Healing Non-pharmacologic Approaches in the Management of Sleep Disturbance There are different categories of non-pharmacologic approaches towards improving patients sleep. These according to include cognitive-behavioral interventions, provision of complementary therapies and further, modification of the environment. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions The first intervention can thus be cognitive behavioral therapy for a patients insomnia. Nurses should use this approach in treating the patients in the ICU and ED who have for comorbid insomnia and where the patient develops primary chronic insomnia(Waller Jennum, 2013). Specific components of this approach include the provision of behavioral strategies to the patient such as encouraging them to regularly sleep, controlling the stimulus for sleeping, cognitive therapy, provision of sleep hygiene education and further; relaxation each of which can be given as a mono-therapy (Ashworth et al, 2010). In other cases however, multi-component therapy is needed while ensuring that the interventions are appropriate to the social, psychological, emotional and cultural welfare of the patient. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) helps in reducing the perpetuating factors which are below a patients insomnia threshold. It also helps in de-conditioning the bodys hyper-arousal respons e which normally leads to fragmented sleep pattern. Cognitive therapy usually decreases the patients dysfunctional beliefs and/or attitudes which prevent the onset of sleep and its maintenance (Ashworth et al, 2010). As a mono-therapy on the other hand, sleep hygiene education to the patient helps in controlling several habits, practices and environmental factors which influence the length and quality of a patients sleep. The specifics in sleep hygiene education should include directions on effective promotion of both onset and/or maintenance of sleep. Sleep hygiene just like CBTI should be tailor-made for each critical care setting. Complementary Therapy Complementary therapies that aim at improving a patients sleep should be used. These include, muscle relaxation, massaging and a healing touch which focus on enhancing positive health outcomes for the patients physical, psychological and spiritual well-being (BaHammam, 2010). Recent studies indicate that complementary therapies including massage, music therapy,relaxationof muscles and therapeutic touch are very beneficial interventions which promote sleep among critically ill patients. The nursing team can also facilitate the provision of early mobility for patients in the ED/ICU in order prevent and/or treat weakness in the muscles (Cheng Yeung, 2012). It can also improve the patients long-term recovery where it is done step-wise, to boost the patients sleep outcomes. Music therapy can also be used in promoting a patients spiritual and/or psychological healing. Music is able to lull patients within critical care units to voluntarily sleep despite of the seething pain they might be having. Music therapy should thus be availed by the nursing team where available, to help in reducing the patients anxiety and depression. This is recommended especially for individuals who have survived acute myocardial infarction; patients who are currently on mechanical ventilators and; those that have undergone cardiac surgery (Weber, 2013). It should also be used as it lowers ones heart rate their blood pressure and even enhances relaxation especially when it is not loud and disturbing or inappropriate. Environmental Modification The main environmental factors that contribute to alterations in a patients sleep patterns as discussed above include noise and excessive lighting. Proper control and management of these factors will extensively help in minimizing sleep interruptions in the ICU/ED setting(Waller Jennum, 2013). In regard to noise, it is apparent that minimizing its effect on the patient promotes quicker healing physically, culturally, socially, psychologically and even spiritually (Busman Ranieri, 2009). To minimize noise, there is need for nurses to provide patients with ear plugs and or earmuffs based on the consent of the patient or family member. It is also important for the interdisciplinary team attending to the patient to ensure that any nursing equipment which generates noise is switched off where it is not in use. In terms of lighting, it is important to provide the patient with natural lighting that is well controlled. The nursing team should facilitate the regulation of both natural and a rtificial lighting in the ED/ICU. The type of lighting tubes and bulbs should be appropriately chosen and maintained to prevent glares and flickering when under use(Waller Jennum, 2013). The recommended maximum maximum light intensity needs to be set at 6.5 foot-candles for continuous lighting in the care unit but 19 foot-candles during short periods at night. Further, there is need for nurses to turn off lights that are not useful to enable the patient sleep. Pharmacological Considerations Pharmacological treatment can be used along with other interventions in promoting sleep among patients in critical care units. Apparently, pharmacological treatment should be tailor-made for every patient and thus cannot be generalized. One of the approaches under this therapy includes the discontinuation of sleep-disrupting medication to allow patients have normal wake/sleep patterns (Weinhouse Watson, 2011). For instance sedatives and/or analgesics should be reduced in dosage in order to promote sleep. This should however be done carefully to avoid cases of withdrawal symptoms like being restless, insomnia and fatigue (Chung Youn, 2016). It is thus important that a systematic sedative taperi taperingng be done to minimize the risk of one developing sleep-linked withdrawal symptoms. Secondly, the patients can be put on medications for treating acute sleep disturbances to only be used for a short time along with continuous reassessment of the patient (Weinhouse Watson, 2011). Admi nistration of these medications needs to be done along with recommended non-pharmacologic interventions. Particularly, Benzodiazepines are used in treating sleep disorders. Even so, they alter these medications alter ones sleep architecture by reducing deeper NREM and/or REM phased of sleep. Since REM sleep relates to respiratory dysfunction, reduction of benzodiazepine-induced REM can be an advantage among some patients (Sterniczuk et al, 2014). Even so, there are several limitations of benzodiazepines and these include dependence risks, among other adverse events like nightmares and restlessness. It is thus apparent that pharmacological approaches are imperative in managing sleep alterations just like the non-pharmacological approaches used. In conclusion therefore, sleep pattern alteration in the ED/ICU are mainly caused by noise and lighting. The discussion above outlines how noise and lighting interrupt sleep patterns leading to delayed healing, longer hospital stay, development of mental and physical complications and poor body immunity. The discussion further focuses on the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in minimizing the effect of the environmental factors while promoting sleep among patients in critical care units. The nursing interventions are holistic in nature and can enable the provision of person-centered in the ICU/ED. References Ashworth, P., Davidson, K. and Espie, C. (2010). CognitiveBehavioral Factors Associated With Sleep Quality in Chronic Pain Patients.Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 8(1), pp.28-39. BaHammam, A. (2010). Sleep quality in CCU patients after controlling for environmental factors.Sleep Medicine, 11(8), pp.804-805. Bosma, K. and Ranieri, V. (2009). Filtering out the noise: evaluating the impact of noise and sound reduction strategies on sleep quality for ICU patients.Critical Care, 13(3), p.151. CHENG, K. and YEUNG, R. (2012). Impact of mood disturbance, sleep disturbance, fatigue and pain among patients receiving cancer therapy.European Journal of Cancer Care, 22(1), pp.70-78. Chung, S. and Youn, S. (2016). Optimizing the Pharmacological Treatment for Insomnia.Journal of Sleep Medicine, 13(1), pp.1-7. Heussler, H., Chan, P., Price, A., Waters, K., Davey, M. and Hiscock, H. (2013). Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of sleep disturbance in children: An Australian Paediatric Research Network survey.Sleep Medicine, 14(2), pp.189-194. Rawding, R. (2016). Sleep: I Need How Much.HAPS Educator, 20(4), pp.48-53. Rj, I. and R, G. (2016). Role of environmental factors on sleep patterns of different age groups.Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 9(6), p.124. Savard, M., Savard, J., Caplette-Gingras, A. and Ivers, H. (2011). W-D-030 WHAT TYPES OF HOT FLASHES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS?.Sleep Medicine, 12, pp.S102-S103. Sterniczuk, R., Rusak, B. and Rockwood, K. (2014). Sleep disturbance in older ICU patients.Clinical Interventions in Aging, p.969. Waller, L. and Jennum, P. (2013). Age-related changes in sleep pattern and sleep structure and the association to cognitive performance: the metropolit 1953 danish male birth cohort.Sleep Medicine, 14, p.e24. Weber, M. (2013). A Brief and Selective Review of Treatment Approaches for Sleep Disturbance following Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of Sleep Disorders Therapy, 02(02). Weinhouse, G. and Watson, P. (2011). Sedation and Sleep Disturbances in the ICU.Anesthesiology Clinics, 29(4), pp.675-685.